Ambush Marketing- Is It Ethical

Ambush Marketing- Is It ethical? While a lot of discussion has been going on for quite some time on â€Å"Marketing ethics† including almost every aspect of marketing be it market research, market audience, pricing or marketing strategy. But none of these issues seem to be even close to the issues raised by the ethics of advertising and promotion and specifically â€Å"ambush marketing† in particular. Hence in this article we will take a quick look at the ever-increasing practice of ambush marketing, its origin, examples and its ethical concerns. Background: The term â€Å"ambush† in literal terms means â€Å"an attack from a hidden position†, this in fact, is the founding stone of the term â€Å"ambush marketing†. â€Å"Ambush Marketing† was coined in the 1980’s by Jerry Welsh, the renowned marketing strategist, while he was working as a manager for global marketing efforts for American Express. When he coined the term, he referred it as a creative and legitimate marketing strategy which could provide a level playing ground to the competitors of a thematic sponsor. Today, however, the term is associated with a negative connotation. According to Wikipedia â€Å"ambush marketing refers to a company's attempt to capitalize on the goodwill, reputation, and popularity of a particular event by creating an association with it, without the authorization or consent of the necessary parties. † It is an attempt of the ambusher to associate itself with an event without paying the fee and get some rub-off effects from it. When implemented effectively, it diminishes the value of the actual sponsors of the event by confusing the customers Fig:Typical example of ambush marketing Fig1. :Jet airlines putting a billboard â€Å"we’ve changed† Fig1. 2:Kingfisher took the responsibility of making them change Fig1. 3:Go Air cashed in on the success of the two billboards There is a thin line between Ambush marketing and effective marketing practice. All the marketing strategies adopted by a rival company in the midst of an event cannot be called as ambush marketing. An activity is termed as ambushing only if the m arketer is trying to endorse a specific product/event and by doing that the revenues of the main event are getting damaged. For example f spice jet shows its commercials in between a motor sports event, it will not be guilty of ambushing. But if Pepsi is launching a new ad campaign in between cricket world cup whose official sponsor is coke and it affects the sales of coke, it will be termed as an instance of ambushing. Fig:Pepsi ad during 1996 WC Strategies for ambush marketing can be broadly classified into two groups: Forging: In this form, a company misleads the people that the ambusher is one of the sponsors of the event by using a similar name or logo associated with the event while it is not. For example, in 2002 Sydney Olympics, Quantas airlines changed its slogan to â€Å"The spirit of Australia† which was very close to the games slogan â€Å"Share the Spirit†. This was a classic case of ambush marketing as the official airline partner of the event was Ansett Air but the slogan of Quantas airlines suggested otherwise. Fig:Quantas airlines Intrusion: Here the ambusher tries to give its own name or trade mark through the medium of publicity of the event without seeking the permission of the organiser. This strategy uses the attention created by the event to promote the ambusher’s product. This strategy is more popular with the ambushers now-a-days as forging can lead to legal actions and this is comparatively a risk-free strategy. A notable example of this strategy was in 2002 Boston Marathon, whose official sponsor was Adidas but Nike provided the runners with spray painted â€Å"swooshes† which suggested that the event was sponsored by Nike. Fig:2002 Boston Marathon In 2006 Bavaria Brewery gave away orange overalls called Leeuwenhosen to some of the fans to support the Netherlands football team with the brewery’s logo on them. The FIFA officials asked the fans to remove the orange overalls as Budweiser was the official sponsor. Fig: Supporters wearing Leeuwenhosen By this time you all must have guessed the issues with ambushing, but then too let us reiterate some of the important ones. The first and the biggest of them is that it reduces the effectiveness of the advertisements of the original sponsors of the event and decreases their revenues. It can also lead to withdrawal of some of the sponsors from the event such as IBM and Mars from the Olympic TOP programme. The sponsorships for these events are costly and by ambushing, these companies are deprived of their right to increase their visibility and thereby their customer base. Remedies for Ambushing: Ambushing has been gaining popularity ever since it came into existence which is causing a lot of concerns for the official sponsors of the event. Hence for better protection of the interests of the company certain strategies have evolved which could help the victim company to counter ambushing. The major ones are Learn How to Ambush: This measure is based on the premise that if the knows how to ambush then it will also know the vulnerable points on which it could be ambushed and then it can try to plug those gaps through stringent contracts. Leveraging: These are supplementary measures such as ads aimed at increasing public awareness about the official sponsors of the event. Limit a non-sponsors capacity to advertise: By limiting the non-sponsors ability to advertise in the proximity of the event reduces the probability of ambushing through physical stalls, outlets etc. This strategy is also known as â€Å"clean stadium† policy. Establish more control over advertising: This is one of the most important and one of the most difficult measures to exercise. Since reach of media to the viewers of an event is much more than the people actually coming and watching those events, it is very important for firms to try and limit the advertisements by non-sponsors. Educate Consumers: One of the most safest and effective measure is making the customers known about the official sponsors so that the ambushers cannot mislead the public. Legal Restrictions: Stringent legal measures can act as deterrents to the practice of unethical ambushing. Is it ethical? Ambush marketing has changed its shape and form from 1980’s till today. But what is constant is the debate on whether it is ethical or not. The answer is very subjective. If you are asking this question to the sponsor of the event he might say that it is synonymous with crime and to an ambusher it might seem to be an intelligent marketing strategy. The viewpoints become completely reversed if the ambusher is made the sponsor and vice-versa. My opinion about ambushing is same as the ambushers. Marketing as a field of study has always been associated with creativity and ambushing gives them a perfect platform for the same. In today’s world, where there is cut throat competition between corporates due to increasing competition and reducing margins, companies have to come up with such kind of measures to counter other. During the times of recession, when all the major economies of the world go to a standstill, it serves as a cost effective method of advertising. For me it is not breaking the law or doing illegal, it is an intelligent use of the loopholes in the marketing practices of the other firm. If my rival is not aware of its shortcomings, I should use it to my advantage. Also, competition is not a game with set rules; if I am refraining from using ambush marketing today does not mean that my rival facing the same condition would not use ambush against me. In my viewpoint, it is one of the best methods of marketing involving minimum capital and maximum gains. What you think of ambushing is up to you to decide.

Business Management Essay

What different persuasive approaches would you use on the following audiences: a boss, a peer, a challenging person, or an open-minded person? I believe the approaches will and must differ if you want to be successful. Persuasion is meant to win others over, not to defeat them. Therefore, it is important to be able to see the topic from different angles in order to anticipate the reaction others have to a proposal. Since individuals in each of the roles you have listed are typically going to have their own biases and priorities, the message approach needs to be tailored to best win them over. Boss: this is who is prominent in a department or organization to accomplish company goals and objectives. Therefore, the approach should be to establish how your proposal ties in with the accomplishment of those goals .Peer – any persuasions that work on you should work on your peer, since you share similar viewpoints and roles. Typically persuasion between peers can be less structured and more informal since you already have shared experience. Challenging person – the most difficult spectators, the key here is preparati on. The challenging person is typically trying to poke holes and arguing against your ideas. The approach you need to take is think through all the possible objections that could be raised against your suggestion. Then develop and prepare the counter-arguments. If you’ve done your work thoroughly, you can win over the challenging person by demonstrating how you’ve thought through and come up with solutions for all possible flaws in your argument. Open-minded – this audience needs preparation as well, but from a different perspective than the challenging. Instead of trying to anticipate every possible objection and how to mitigate it, the open-minded approach is to lay out the facts in a rational manner that persuades to what you want to accomplish. With a focus on logic, an open-minded person will be persuaded. †¢ Consider the list titled â€Å"In Depth: Critical Thinking, The Long Version† in Ch.1 of Critical Thinking. What do you consider to be the most important points? Why do you think this? I would consider the following to be the most important points: Distinguish between rational claims and emotional ones, separate fact from opinion, recognize logical flaws in the argument, and spot deception and holes in the arguments of others. I think these points are the most  important when it comes to decisive whether or not a claim is true. If I can distinct fact from opinion this will help one to determine the relevant information in a claim. Recognizing flaws and spotting deception and holes in the argument of others will further allow me to use proper reasoning when interpreting a claim and deciding whether or not it is valid, sound, or both. There are many critical think skills that a person needs to develop in order to become shrewder. These skills applied to everyday decisions and they can be also be applied to world-wide issues. Every day we talk to somebody or read the local newspaper, we are using critical thinking skills. †¢ What is the difference between persuasion and manipulation? How do arguments and language affect the difference? Persuasion is leading someone in a certain way. For example, logical argument might be more persuasive than screaming fits, the smell of chocolate cake might persuade you to eat it. So it is neutral. Manipulation is getting a person to do something for your purposes. You could use logic to persuade someone that something was right, hence manipulating them into doing something you want them to do. †¢ What keys or tips can raise suspicion about the validity of arguments, presented verbally and in writing? The validity of the argument can raise suspicion if the source is an unknown source. When presented verbally the validity of the argument can also raise suspicion with the origination of the source and if the person verbally expressing the information will change the information in anyway.

Business ethics and deontology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business ethics and deontology - Research Paper Example It is a case of â€Å"fraudulent financial reporting†. Adelphia is a publicly traded corporation based in the United States. In 2002, Adelphia was ranked sixth among the largest cable service providers in the country. In the same year, the company was publicly accused of discrepancies in the financial reports prepared and produced by the company. It was found that the company did not represent the real economic condition and Adelphia was charged of a major accounting disgrace. Investigations proved that the managers modified financial statements of the company by excluding many billion dollars that it held as debt, from the company’s balance sheets. Hence, auditors could not discover the presence of fraudulent activities that the company indulged in. This is a major example of infringement of deontological issues. It was revealed through investigation that some of the most influential and important rank holding members of the organization lacked ethical behavioral trait s and they were the major participants in this scandal. Key ethical problems The Adelphia scandal is a case of financial fraud that broke the trust of the shareholders and lowered level of faith of the public on the company. It is the most far-reaching financial fraud that has occurred in the country in the past few decades (Markon & Frank, 2002). The company filed for bankruptcy in June 2002 and was finally purchased in July 2006 by Comcast Corp. and Time Warner Inc. Two ethical problems were distinctly identified in this fraudulent case; financial statement modification and superficial statement about stock earnings. The first ethical issue is concerning the fact that the officials in the company had strategically and systematically excluded several billion dollars that the company held as liabilities over the period of four years between 1998 and 2002. The liabilities were hidden fraudulently from the books of off-balance sheet affiliates (Barlaup, Dronen & Stuart, 2009). Additio nally, the company also inflated its earnings in order to meet the expectations of shareholders in the Wall Street. Various operations statistics were falsified and concealed (The SEC, 2002). These activities raised questions about ethical duties of the employees working in different private as well as public corporations. Deontological ethics The term ‘ethics’ is generally understood as â€Å"systematic attempt to understand moral concepts and to propose and defend principles and theories regarding right and wrong behavior† (Barlaup, Dronen & Stuart, 2009, p. 186). Normative ethics is found to be highly relevant to the issues faced business firms and the problems faced by auditors. Under the framework of normative ethics, three principal theories of ethics can be identified. These are egoism, utilitarianism and deontology. In this section, the focus would be on the deontological theory of ethics. General theory Deontological ethics relate to the â€Å"ethics of duty of principle† (Cooper, 2000, 179). The term ‘deontology’ was coined by Bentham (1748-1832) and by this term he emphasized on the following meaning. It is the act of motivating people in such as way that it would maximize overall community happiness. This would be done by mobilizing the causes that inspire specific private

Role Of Financial Resources Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role Of Financial Resources - Coursework Example First, interest paid for loans causes the huge outflow of funds earned from the profit. Second, increased debts’ collection turnaround starves the firm off the funds required to meet short-term obligations hence resorting to borrowing. The firm needs to reduce the collection period to be less than 30 days and increase the stock turnover to avoid holding excess inventory that might not fetch the desired profit. The firm should reduce borrowing from the bank since interests are increasing the expense. The firm needs to increase efficiency by ensuring timely collection of debts. The firm operates at the loss when production is lower. As the production and sales increases, the profit increases until it can cover the total cost fully (Baker & Powell, 2005). A meeting point between profit and total cost, the firm can break-even and manage the cost by ensuring that any increase in variable cost such as increased in labor cost, is within the desired range such that profitability is no t affected. Although it is difficult to manage the fixed cost such as legal reserve, the firm needs to ensure availability of free cash flow by reducing debts and account receivables. The firm will have to grapple with lower profits as it increases costs because the marginal benefit keeps reducing with increased interests’ expenses and stock holding cost. Due to lack of efficient operations in handling the receivable, the firm will have wait for long to receive the money from debtors, thereby hurting profitability.

Origin and Development of Medicolegal Death Investigation Assignment

Origin and Development of Medicolegal Death Investigation - Assignment Example Medicolegal death investigation is a broad discipline that varies depending on the jurisdictions. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia among other Arabic states for example have unique medicolegal death investigation systems derived from the Islamic legislations owing to the adoption of sharia laws. In Europe and the United States among other countries with civil legislations, the investigation systems follow the constitutional jurisdictions with respect to the value of human life. This implies that while the investigators strive to find justice to the victims, they respect the value and rights of the suspect thus handling such investigations with the view of upholding the values. Medicolegal death investigation is a prestigious course taught in different institutions of higher education including colleges and universities. The institutions hire professional forensic specialists who exhibit understanding of the industry and the nature of prevailing crimes in the society. Among the developments of the curses offered in numerous colleges and universities, include the use of assisting laboratories such as forensic histopathology, microbiology, serology and forensic chemistry among many others. Each of the above developments introduces unique features into the practice with the view of developing individuals who exhibit unique skills required in each of the specializations. The primary objective of medicolegal death investigation is to determine the cause and the nature of deaths. The numerous ways of murdering an individual thus validate the widening of the practice thus the numerous developments. Some of the developments such as forensic chemistry investigate d eaths arising from chemicals related accidents and murders (Rao, 2013). Other related laboratories that expedite such investigations include DNA laboratories that help match the biological evidence. The efficacy of the evidence provided by medicolegal death

Islam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islam - Assignment Example As it is implied by both God and Holy Prophet (PBUH) that only righteous deeds can elevate one person over the rest, all Muslims immensely respect those who strive to do good and achieve noble objectives. Islam assigns different kinds of roles to men and women not on grounds of superiority or inferiority but because they have slightly different physical and emotional traits. Men mostly are physically and emotionally stronger than women so they are encouraged to work harder and support their whole family. The burden of work can be hugely stressful so it is reserved for the emotionally and physically stronger group. But that does not mean that Islam strictly prohibits women from becoming educationally accomplished or going out of their homes to earn money. Islam does not see any harm in women striving to make sure both ends are met when situation gets rough. Quran implies that gender equality should be put into practice (Muslim Women’s League, 2012). Life in Arabian Island befor e Islam reached it: Life in Arabian Island before Islam dawned on it is characterized by scholars as wild, wayward, lawless, undirected, restless, ominous, and demonic. Islam brought with itself the phenomenally relieving messages of peace, discipline, respect, lawfulness, ethics, humanity, and obedience. By emphasizing the presence of a higher being who should be respected and worshipped, Islam erased any possibility of jealousy or discrimination among Muslims. If Quran and Sunnah had implied that anyone among the followers who is virtuous and noble could be worshipped, conflict and discrimination would have resulted and there would have been multiple gods. But Islam put an end to such misery and asked all to observe one being and none else. Life in Arabian Island before Islam reached it was so exceedingly wayward that men and women were made to dance naked in the vicinity of the Ka’bah as part of the rituals and men used to bury their daughters alive out of gross hatred and gender discrimination (Subhani, n.d.). Before the advent of Islam, the Arab people used to treat women as mere sex objects who could be used for pleasure only and were granted no rights or protection. In stark contrast to the ancient teachings of other religions which stress that women are inherently sinful and wicked beings with no sense whatsoever and men are born virtuous and noble, Islam implies in accordance with the revolutionary teachings of Quran and Sunnah that men and women should be considered equal everywhere as they are created from the same soul and both are born innocent (Doi, n.d.). Changes brought by Islam in the Muslim culture: Islam brought multiple revolutionary and commendable changes in the Muslim culture. In fact Islam created the Muslim culture as before this religion dawned, there was no Muslim culture but a disgustful wilderness. General morals and manners of the Arabs before the advent of Islam were very low and fraught with weaknesses so Islam strived to elevate them up to a higher level so that Muslims could be distinguished on grounds of high morals and not on grounds of ignorance and waywardness. Due to lack of proper guidance and prevalence of immorality and ignorance, Arabs before the advent of Islam led a life similar to that of uncontrollable beasts and often breached law. Islam brought the change by creating a strong justice system one

Nanotechnology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nanotechnology - Research Paper Example Since it is a relatively new field, it is crucial to examine its various applications and challenges, as well as ethical issues surrounding it, which is the goal of this essay. Nanotechnology has its roots in the 1980s and was the result of the convergence of experimental advances that include the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope and the discovery of fullerenes, after which the goals of nanotechnology were created in 1986 with the publication of the book â€Å"Engines of Creation† (Nanotechnology 27). A scanning electron microscope image of the silver nanowires in which the cotton is dipped during the process of constructing a filter; moreover, the large fibers are cotton, Credit: Yi Cui, Stanford University (Roberts 12) Bucicminsterfullerene also known as the buckyball is a representative member of the carbon structures known as fullerenes (Nanotechnology 27). The tunneling microscope was crucial due to its use in imaging surfaces at an atomic level. From the publication of the objectives of nanotechnology, other scientists developed and popularized the concept of nanotechnology and developed other fields of nanotechnology, such as molecular nanotechnology, from where the field grew into a controversial sector of science and technology with talk of its implications and feasibility, as well as its application. This has made nanoscience a technology with a large variety of application in the daily life of humans and diverse benefits. However, the application comes with its own risks that shall be discussed in the ethical part of this paper covering the ethics of applying nanotechnology. In the field of medicine, nanotechnology is applied for its health benefits in the human body functions. This is especially so in cases where it is used in research to develop improved delivery systems with lower drug toxicity. Nanotechnology allows for advanced research and strategies that

Using the data and information from the Why we still love IKEA case Essay

Using the data and information from the Why we still love IKEA case study - Essay Example According to Kwapong (2005), IKEA’s diversification strategy has been characterized by a direction and a scope targeting long term achievement through configuration of resources for manufacturing of the best furniture to fulfill the expectation of the customers. As clarified in the above case study, it is very clear how IKEA has implemented the Bowman’s Strategy Clock model together with the diversification strategy effectively through organizational activities. From an organizational perspective, IKEA Company has diversified into production of varied types of types of furniture stationed at different outlets across the world (Verbeke, 2013; Plunkett, 2008). As such, it has been possible for an organization to charge affordable cost on organizational products while still able to meet the market demand. Using the Bowman’s Strategy Clock, the case study has pointed out that the company communicates the organizational contents while encouraging the customers to adop t the concept of building IKEA’s brands in the market. With the adoption of perceived value characterized by low pricing, IKEA Company has gained popularity in different outlets thus achieving the organizational competitive advantage. As such, it has embraced the Bowman’s strategy clock as a framework for achieving more edge against various competitors in the furniture industry. As mentioned below, IKEA has incorporated varied directions as part of the strategy to ensure that potential customers receive a more affordable pricing in the market clarifies (Thomson, 2009). Based on the In Doyle (2011) clarification, IKEA Company has never chosen to compete in the furniture trade. As such, it has embraced the concept of bargain basement since some of the organizational furniture has not drawn the element of differentiation in Asian countries. However, IKEA has won customers loyalty

Aspects of a particular culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aspects of a particular culture - Research Paper Example This paper will focus on just two aspects of Indian culture, namely religion and marriage. More than 80% of Indians would regard themselves as adherents of the Hindu religion, while some 12% are Muslim and there are small minorities of Christian, Sikh and other religions each numbering between 2 and 3%. These numbers may appear small, but when one considers that the population of India is over 1.15 billion people, it is clear that they also are significant in size. The focus here will be the Hindu majority, though it should be remembered that the other religions also have their place in Indian society. One of the first things that strike a visitor to India is the pervasive influence of the caste system. Fuller (1992, p.3) points out that the Indian form of greeting is a symbolic act which reflects this main tenet of the Hindu world view. The hands are placed together, fingers pointing upwards, and the head is bowed, while the person says â€Å"namaste† which is the word for this gesture of respect. There are more elaborate forms, such as bowing low, or even lying prostrated on the ground, and more cursory forms, such as a mere flick of the head and hand. People use this gesture to greet people, and also to show respect to the many gods and goddesses that abound in their temples across the land. What this gesture reveals is that the Hindu religion is based upon a hierarchical inequality. Unlike a European handshake, the Hindu greeting expresses a fundamental asymmetry of rank in which both parties are aware of their own and the other’s place. So, for example, a wife s hows this respect to her husband, and so does a child to his or her parents, and an employee to his or her employer. This hierarchical structure is evident all across the society, and whole groups, or castes of people are classified with a particular position above and below other castes. A second

Monetary policy responses by central banks during the early part of Essay

Monetary policy responses by central banks during the early part of the past decade aggravated the recent financial crisis - Essay Example The sub-prime mortgage market in particular was the target of these speculative flows which also made their way into the securities and equities markets as well. It can be said that the monetary policy of the Fed in the early years of the last decade encouraged excessive speculation in the United States economy (Mishkin, 2011, 23). However, to assign blame to the monetary policy of the Fed alone would be to exaggerate its role in the present global financial crisis as the issues of regulation and supervision of â€Å"exotic† financial products was one of the contributing factors as well. However, there is a consensual view which is increasingly being shared by many that at the heart of the reasons for the global imbalances lies the fact that the Fed kept interest rates â€Å"too low for too long† (Taylor,2008,14). This line of thought holds that by keeping the interest rates too low, the Fed encouraged the â€Å"real rate of return† in the US T-Bills or Treasurie s to increase leading to the rest of the world financing the yawning and steadily increasing current account deficit of the US. Further, the fact that these countries (led by Japan and China) were exporting huge amounts of goods and services gave them an incentive to â€Å"recycle† their dollar surpluses back into the US economy. Hence, it can be said that though the monetary policy of the Fed was aimed primarily at a domestic audience, due to the integrated and interconnected nature of the global economy indirectly contributed to the ongoing global financial crisis (BOE, 2010). It should be noted that the overly loose global monetary policy may have contributed to the weakening of the anchor on which â€Å"price stability† rested leading to excessive risk taking and by unleashing a global wave of euphoria contributed to the speculative tendencies in the financial sector. And this was a global phenomenon as well as central banks all over the world took their cue from t he Fed and pursued similar policies which had a cascading effect on the global economy in so far as the lethal combination of excessive liquidity and a lax regulatory structure combined to produce the global financial crises with which the world is even now struggling to cope with (Federal Reserve, 2010). References Blanchard, Dell’Ariccia, and Mauro, OB, G & P, 2010. Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy. IMF, Feb 2010, 1-18. ECB. (2010, April 9), â€Å"Could Monetary Policy have helped prevent the financial crisis?† Available from: http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2010/html/sp100409.en.html Mishkin, F, 2011. Monetary Policy Strategy: Lessons from the Crisis. National Bureau of Economic Research, Jan 2011, 1-65. Monetary Policy (2010), (Federal Reserve), Available: http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/default.htm (Accessed: 2011, Mar 14). News Releases (2011), (Federal Reserve), Available: http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/default.htm (Accessed: 2011, Mar 14 ). News Releases (2011), (Bank of England), Available: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/news/2008/index.htm (Accessed: 2011, Mar 14). Taylor, JBT, 2008. The Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An Empirical Analysis of What Went Wrong. Stanford

Affordable Care Act Essay Example for Free

Affordable Care Act Essay Abstract The Affordable Care Act Health coverage was developed to provide and guarantee coverage for sickness, injury and preventable health measures. Many people suffer from illness’ that go untreated because they have no health insurance or cannot afford it. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act allows everyone to have health insurance. In this case study I will explain how the affordable Care Act in North Carolina has improved. The impact of the Affordable Care act on the population that it affected The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most comprehensive reform of the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also called Obama Care transforms the non-group insurance market in the United States, mandates that all residents will have health insurance, significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, Medicare. Many people are opposed to Obama Care, simply because their high Republican beliefs won’t allow them to participate in any program put in place by a Democrat. Participating in a Healthcare program shouldn’t be chosen by whichever political party you believe in, it should be determined by carefully thought out plans and weighing the pros and cons of whichever coverage best suits you and your family’s needs. The Affordable Care Act  does not affect people or families currently covered with adequate health insurance. Those who already have Heath Care in place are protected by the â€Å"Grandfather Policy†. However, it does affect lower income Americans without health care making below 138% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). They may qualify for Medicaid under Medicaid expansion, if they meet all of the policies requirements. This puts health care within reach of many people denied health care in the past. The President of the United States put laws in place that all people participate in the Affordable Care Act and get health care insurance or be penalized and pay monthly fines. This legislation ensures that all people be treated equally†¦ the rich, poor or anywhere in between, you must have health insurance. To some this program seems very beneficial, but we as Americans do not like the government controlling our Medicare choices. These newly enacted Affordable Care Acts were set in place to help all Americans receive health care and medical treatment. This act wasn’t put in place to provide care to people living in the United States illegally; undocumented immigrants and people who have been in the United States for less than five years do not qualify. The uninsured people, who gain insurance coverage in 2014, will obtain their coverage through the state’s Medicaid program. Beginning in 2014, the Affordable Care Act requires that states expand Medicaid coverage to most uninsured adults with modified adjusted gross income no greater than 138% of the federal poverty limit. Children in families with incomes no greater than 200% FPL will continue to be eligible for Medicaid or North Carolina Health Choice (North Carolina’s Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Other people will gain coverage through private insurance offered through the Health Benefit Exchange (HBE). (Milstead, 2013, p. 199) . The impact of the economics of providing care to patients from the organizations view In the case study, the impact of the affordable care act on North Carolina uninsured population in 2011 showed childless, non-disabled, nonelderly adults could not qualify for Medicaid. Being poor, unemployed or homeless did not qualify a person for Medicaid. People, who are uninsured, are more likely to delay care and less likely to receive  preventive services, primary care, or chronic care management. As of 2014, The Affordable care Act adults will be able to qualify for Medicaid if their income is no greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. That income level was set at $30,429 for a family of four in 2010. However, some states do allow a family of four to have higher incomes and still qualify. The case study also showed that providing Medicaid to all people across the chart insured total coverage to all people and the FPL (Federal Poverty Level) had risen to a level where all peo ple were nearly identical to one another. Suggesting that if health care is provided equally throughout the nation there will be a lull in infectious diseases and untreated illnesses because everyone would seek treatment since they have coverage. Some of the economic growth and plans involve tax credits to individuals and families participating in Affordable Care Act, helping to keep participation affordable to all. Doing so helps to promote membership to all, thus keeping costs at a minimum and entices more families to participate. Another planned impact would be the cap placed on insurance company’s expenditures, careful monitoring of costs to provide service will eliminate overcharging by insurance companies and its affiliates. The government understands that it will take a number of years before the Affordable Care Act will show how much of a positive impact this program has on its participants. However, the government promises that keeping health care costs affordable will eventually lower rates and spending across the board. It says that with health care more available to all, more people get better and employees will come in to work reducing sick days and create better productivity, and financial gain for everyone. The Affordable Care Act also keeps families from financial ruin now when a family member becomes sick or unable to work they can still have health coverage through policies of their own or coverage provided through a participating family member. Before when a family member got sick they had to worry about being cut off of coverage if they lost their jobs. Families also had the added worry of escalating medical expenses while they were suffering through their sicknesses. Many feared losing their homes to pay for medical expenses. How the patients will be affected in relationship to the cost of treatment, quality of treatment, and access to treatment The Residents of North Carolina’s will have access to quality, affordable health care under the updated health insurance reform. The Affordable Care Act of 2014 will have a positive effect on patient safety and outcomes. It will provide many resources to allow patients easier access to insurance for health care costs and preventive care such as cancer screenings and vaccines. It will give incentives to health care facilities to improve the care being given. It is also mandated for all healthcare facilities to use electronic health record systems to keep track of all patient information to minimize errors. Doing this will also ensure that all patients receive the same care and treatment at all facility’s and that hospitals can share new developments or procedures. Reducing costs and prolonged hospital stays and long drawn out treatments, patients in need of specialized treatments can be sent to facilities better equipped to treat them with records of their treatments already in the system. (R. Kocher, J. Emanuel, M. Deparle, 2014, pp. 536-540) The Affordable Care Act provides medical coverage for families and children and is required to continue to make such coverage available for an adult child who is not married until the child reaches age 26. However, the Affordable Care Act is not obligated to make coverage available for a child of a child receiving dependent coverage. These people are considered parents themselves, and are expected to work and provide health care for their dependent children themselves. The ethical implications of this act for both the organization and the patients Since the beginning of 2010 adults, can qualify for Medicaid if their income is not greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. Gaining strength over the last couple of years as of 2014 everyone is qualified to get Affordable Health Care as long as they meet the plans restrictions and verifications. As everyone in North Carolina gains health coverage, the state and county governments could potentially reduce some of the expense to safety net providers currently used to help pay for services to the uninsured. Under this new mandated health reform, hospitals and medical  providers will be assured funding and payment since this program is to be funded by the federal government. Thus providing a system where medical facilities can focus on patient care, and not worry about the un or under insured not being able to pay for the care they receive. When organizations across the entire United States are given enough funding to cover the expense of new equipment and supplies, it allows more opportunities for hiring more educated staff members, and lets health providers focus on patient care. The state of North Carolina may eventually experience a decrease in unnecessary use of the emergency department and reduced hospitalizations as more people gain coverage and access to preventive and primary care services. Once health care is made more readily available and affordable to more people and families, the risk of fraud and abuse of services would be greatly reduced. These worries and concerns will all but be eliminated because health care would now be available to all Americans. Even Americans who were once refused treatment due to pre-existing health problems can now be seen by a physician. The Affordable Care Act prohibits pre-existing condition exclusions, refusals of treatment and all other discriminations based on health status by group health plans. Reference Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurses guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Kocher, R., Emanuel, E. J., DeParle, N. M. (2010). The Affordable Care Act and the Future of Clinical Medicine: The Opportunities and Challenges. Annals Of Internal Medicine, 153(8), 536-W.190 Kovner, A. R., Knickerman, J. R. (2011). Health care delivery in the United States. (10th ed.). New York, NY: Springer. 2014, 01). Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolina Uninsured Population. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 01, 2014, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Impact-Of-Affordable-Care-Act-On-46392180.html (P.L. 111-152 Summary of patient protection and affordable care act (P.L. 111-148, H.R. 3590), with amendments of the health care and education reconciliation act of 2010, H.R. 4872). (2010). Tax Management Tax Practice Series Bulletin, 22(7), 12-31. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/193794262?accountid=14872

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay Example for Free

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay One of the main reasons that the company William Beckett Co needs to have a flexible work force is a factor that we have already spoken about which is the increase of work for the company that has happened in the last few years, which has created a few problems for them in most parts of the business. The other major factor that requires the company to have a flexible works force is the job rotation strategy that I have also mentioned earlier. This can only work if the employees themselves have the skills and abilities to actually perform this different jobs otherwise the whole thing will break down. If the employees dont have the right skills and abilities then the process is pointless and costly to the company as the workers would be very ineffective to produce the same standard of work that the other employees produce as they have been trained to do this. Although many view employee training as a necessary evil and expense that must be tolerated, a well designed training program pays for itself and increases the bottom line. Such a program teaches new employees to do it right the first time, thus minimizing down time, equipment damage, and personal injury while maximizing productivity and profits http://pages.prodigy. net/pblair/ttthome. htm (technical training tips) To help control the increasing level of work that the company has, they would need a flexible workforce who could move around to different areas in the company to help out with the work in order to create some stability of the work that is coming in and the work that is being completed. This would allow the company to deal with the influx of work, help the productivity of the company and even help with the motivation of the employees, whilst maintaining the impressive level of sales. As the company is over run with business, they are in need of more staff to handle the amount of work which they are generating. So the director employees a new sales administrator to help with the situation. The problem is that the person he has employed is a friend of his so he has had no formal interview or application. After a while the man redefines his own job to sales representative as he is more experienced at doing this job as he knows more about this side of the company than the administration side. The director had employed his friend to do a job he is not really qualified or able to do. I believe that the company needs to set up a human resource department which would be able to deal with the recruitment of new employees for the company. The problems with recruiting employees who are not able to do the job are that the will not be able to complete jobs on time or to a high standard of quality, which also means that productivity will be affect and the employee himself will be unhappy as he isnt able to perform the duties in his job specification. Once the HR department is setup the managers will be able to move some of their tasks over to them like recruitment, appraisals, motivational and training. As the directors are struggling to do this now the only solution would be to set up the Hr department as soon as possible. The training needs are needed throughout the company, this is due to the fact that the company has grown rapidly and the fact that the company has invested in a new range of technologies to keep them up to date with their competitors and the changes in the market. I have identified certain areas that need improving with the management which are leadership training, interpersonal relationships need to be worked on and they also need to be able to delegate tasks and responsibility. The interpersonal skills when the one to one trainer has to exercise are described by Megginson and Boydell (1979) as being similar to those required by the skilful counsellor page 229 of the theory and practice of training, 4th edition by Roger Buckley and Jim Caple. The results of this should be an increase in productivity and an improvement in sales. They could also develop their own internal learning programme as they dont have a lot of time to send them away from the company for a long time as they are so busy. The lower level staff need new training as they will not be able to work effectively enough with the new technologies as they will not be familiar with it compared to the old equipment they were familiar with. The areas that they will need to be trained on are their team working abilities, stress and pressure courses, good communication and motivation skills and theories. This should help the employees to work together as a team which will help morale and productivity as a team that are working together and are happy will be a great asset to the company.

Health Care Payment Systems

Health Care Payment Systems Miguel Boquer   Introduction Healthcare spending has been on the rise over the years and is even more so affected by the continually evolving healthcare payment and insurance systems. To put it into perspective, national healthcare spending has grown from 5.3 percent in 2014 to 5.8 percent in 2015 reaching an astonishing reached $3.2 trillion or $9,990 per individual (Wilson, 2016). In 2016, healthcare expenditures were expected to reach $3.35 trillion averaging $10,345 per individual (Alonso-Zaldivar, 2016). Payment and insurance systems through employers, insurance providers, and government agencies are providing for ways of controlling factors driving healthcare costs. Payment Systems Payment systems have continued to evolve into many various forms over time such as fee-for-service, pay-for-coordination, comprehensive care, pay-for-performance, bundled payment or episode-of-care, upside shared savings programs (Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) or Commercial), downside shared savings programs (CMS or Commercial), partial or full capitation, and global budget (McKesson, 2017). The most popular and original way of payment for health care services being utilized today is the fee-for-service payment system. This system allows for each separate service that is provided to be paid for at a set amount (Miller, 2009). From what I gathered through my research is that as the population ages, healthcare costs rise, and technology advances, the fee-for-service isnt always the most efficient method of payment. A combination of payment systems is more preferable when working with the different sources of payers such as self-payment, insurance providers, or Medicaid/Medicare. Episode- of-care and comprehensive care would be a great combination reason being that some of the aging population or those with more serious conditions can utilize episode-of-care, whereas the comprehensive payment system will cover the population that contain conditions that require more frequent or repetitive care for chronic conditions such as diabetes. For instance, comprehensive care payment would be made to the physician practice or health system to deal with the patients who possess presumptive underlying health conditions. Then, the episode-of-care payment would be made to a hospital if a specific patient requires surgery or any other costly treatment (Miller, 2009). Payers The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is comprised of numerous regulations that focus on the organization of healthcare like how it is delivered and then paid for. The fee-for-service system that has been the most dominant payment system is inefficient and costly to patients and payers, which is why the regulations provided the ACA must be imposed on the flaws of the US health system. As the US economy strengthens, medical prices continue to increase rapidly, and the population ages, Medicare and Medicaid are projected to grow at a quicker rate than private insurance providers (Alonso-Zaldivar, 2016). In the sense of utilizing multiple payers, healthcare providers can transform the way they deliver health care to all of its patients if enabled by the changes in payment systems as long as the payers throughout the community are required to change their payment systems as well in related ways. Additionally if the right payment is set, the health care providers will be able to deliver quality c are to the patients as needed (Yong, Saunders, Olsen, 2010). HIT and Payment Systems Health Information Technology (HIT) is contributing towards effective changes in the way payment systems are operating. HIT continues to be a vital component of directing the health care payers toward automated workflows, while improving the management of medical claims. Data can better managed through the use of HIT innovations such as the transferring of health information within and in-and-out of a health plan, which is substantially important (Patrick, 2016). New, innovative healthcare technology is allowing for the combination of managed care and any additional technology that is used in managing patient care within the patients health plan along with determining the claim payments. The large amount of data that becomes available as a result through that combination can be incorporated with various types of data such as pharmacy or health assessment resulting in a pool of data readily available to access as needed. Conclusion The various healthcare payment systems are being used to cover, coordinate, and manage the costs of care for patients are copiously complex. Only through the improvements of the payment systems have payers been able to effectively control the aspects of healthcare costs. Aging population and the increasing presence of chronic illnesses are calling for improvements to the processes of payment systems such as the implementation of multiple payment systems. The advances of Health Information Technology will be able to allow for the smooth collaboration and integration of multiple payment systems in the efforts of improving the quality of patient care. References: Alonso-Zaldivar, R. (2016). $10,345 per person: U.S. health care spending reaches new peak. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/new-peak-us-health-care-spending-10345-per-person/. McKesson. (2017). What Payment Models Exist. Retrieved from http://www.mckesson.com/population-health-management/resources/what-payment-models-exist/. Miller, H.D. (2009). From volume to value: better ways to pay for health care. Health Affairs (Millwood); 28(5):1418-28. Retrieved from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/28/5/1418.full. Patrick, J. (2016). Is Health Information Technology Imperative for Payers? Retrieved from http://healthpayerintelligence.com/news/is-health-information-technology-imperative-for-payers. Wilson, K. B. (2016). Health Care Costs 101: ACA Spurs Modest Growth. Retrieved from http://www.chcf.org/publications/2016/12/health-care-costs-101. Yong, P.L., Saunders, R.S., and Olsen, L.A. (2010). The Healthcare Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes: Workshop Series Summary. Institute of Medicine (US) Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); Payment and Payer-Based Strategies; 11. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53906/.

Saturday :: essays papers

Saturday Saturday. The first day of the weekend, the first day of freedom at the end of every week at school. Saturday was always a day of great anticipation for me during my younger years. It signified not only the beginning of a weekend away from the rigours of Primary school and learning my times tables, but also my first real social experiences. Saturday was ‘Club Day’. At around the age of 8 or 9, my Mum decided that I needed to get out into the real world and get a taste of ‘Saturday life’, and all it had to offer. So, on the advice of my much older and wiser 10 year old cousin, I chose to join the local craft club. Each Saturday morning from that day onwards, I would join the 6 or 7 other girls in the hot, cramped ‘Cathy’s Crafts’ store in Montmorency. For $7 a week I could paint pieces of wood shaped as teddies, or perhaps even stick some glitter on a nice picture for Mother’s Day. Either way it served as a warning for the rest of my life that craft was definitely not my scene. Project after project, week in, week out, I came home bearing one more useless, awful testament to bad taste and craftsmanship. Mum would be gently supportive – with kind words such as â€Å"why don’t you give this to Nana for Christmas?† Or in other words â€Å"I never want that hideous toilet roll cover in my house again.† Dad wad not quite so understanding. My skills with the paintbrush were often criticised, as I had not used a ‘polyglaze’ or a ‘neutral undercoat’ or a ‘size 12 brush’. Although the $7 a week had produced some memories of gluing too many sequins on my photo frame, or never being able to paint flowers quite right, the time had come for me to give my craft club days away. Forever. And so it was that I found myself, hand glued to Mum’s, at the Little Athletics sign-up day. And so it was that I found myself being talked into being patriotic and signing up with the valiant Montmorency, who had never yet won a club championship and are likely to never achieve this coveted goal.

Actus Reus Essay -- International Law

Actus Reus Introduction The Criminal Law of England and Wales which deals with the components and consequences of criminal acts. The English criminal law is in large part not regulated by law, but in the tradition of common law judge-made law. The offense consists in the English law of Actus Reus and Mens Rea together. Actus Reus is the Latin term meaning the act of guilt (the outer or objective of a criminal offense) which is an essential element in the determination of a crime. Thus, when no reasonable doubt exists as a result of the demonstration of proof, the act of guilt, shown together with the intention of the individual to commit a crime (mens rea), creates criminal liability of the accused in criminal jurisdictions that follow the system of common law (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK, Ireland). Discussion and Analysis Actus Reus literally means conduct of a person. The phrase is used to refer to the element of an offense that involves prohibited conduct. The Actus Reus is one of two elements that make up criminal offenses. The second element is called mens rea or mental state. No crime may legally exist without an Actus Reus, while some regulatory crimes, called strict liability offenses, may exist without a mens rea. Examples of the Actus Reus element of a capital offense would be causing death, causing death while committing another crime, causing the death of a police officer, and causing death by using a bomb. In each of the examples, the mental state of the defendant is not relevant to Actus Reus. The mental state is relevant for the second element, i.e., the Mens Rea. General Perception The Actus Reus requirement is met if a defendant purposely, knowingly, or recklessly does something that is ... ...air, Medico legal Aspects of Automatism, qtd in McClain v. State, 678 N.E.2d 104, 106 (Ind. 1997), pp 56-78 David Ormerod (eds.): Smith and Hogan Criminal Law,12th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008, ISBN 978-0199202584, pp 34 David Ormerod, (2009), Smith and Hogan Criminal Law: Cases and Materials, 10th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2009, ISBN 978-0199218691, pp 45-78 Felson, Marcus (1994), Crime and Everyday Life, Pine Forge, ISBN 0-8039-9029-4, Hirschi, Travis (1969). Causes of Delinquency, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0-7658-0900-1 Morse, S. J. Diminished rationality, diminished responsibility, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law vol. 1 (2003), pp. 289–308 Siegel, Larry J. (2003). Criminology, 8th edition, Thomson-Wadsworth., pp. 139 Symposium, Act and crime, University of Pennsylvania Law Review vol. 142, (1994), pp. 1443–1890

History of Fashion Essay -- essays research papers

History of Fashion Fashion has changed a great deal over the past three centuries. As history changes it seems that fashion in some aspect changes with it to adapt to the era. Even today fashion continues to change as the years go on. Looking at fashion even 20 years ago we can see a difference from what we see in our everyday lives. For the purpose of this essay Fashion will be divided into three centuries, since not every era of clothing can be touched upon. The first era of fashion history includes 500 BC- 1450 AD. Near the beginning era fashion was relatively simple, since it was more about practical function than style. This era was referred to as the Ancient Time Period. Garments were always loose fitting, never tight. Tunics were the main clothing choice. Usually tunics would be covered with other layers of fabric, and this was worn by both men and women. Fabrics were usually always plain which meant they had no pattern or vibrant color (white and off-white were the most popular.) Near the fifth century clothing began to include a wider range of colors. Even though clothing was relatively simple, women adorned themselves with jewelry such as bracelets, earrings, necklaces, and rings fashioned from earthy materials. Cosmetics were also around in this era. Women’s hair would usually be seen braided or draped fabric covering the face like a hood. As it moved into the Medieval Time Period it then evolved into militaristic for men , which incorporated tunics, capes, and ...

Analyse the ways that the director builds suspense and scares the audience in the film JAWS

After the horrifying release of Steven Spielberg's classic ‘Jaws', the word has since then been associated with the monstrous killer in the ocean, the 20 foot great white, teeth covered in the flesh of an unsuspecting victim, swimming in a pool of blood. Steven Spielberg uses a variety of tricks and techniques to build suspense. Different camera angles, zooms, music and many other ways are used by Spielberg to create the tense atmosphere that is Jaws. These tricks and techniques all helped steady the bricks of Spielberg's masterpiece. Without these techniques, the impact that Jaws had imprinted upon the audience would not have been present. These tricks and techniques will be critically analysed to see how they had been used so efficiently to create an unwavering tower of suspense and drama. Jaws is set in the beautiful tranquil island of Amity. The air is calm and peaceful. Kids can be seen in the distant, splashing up and down in the deep blue ocean. You can see the tension relax as people lie in the hot summer sand, eyes drifting into their own world. Amity Island: the perfect holiday. However, the serene atmosphere is twisted apart when the ‘jaws' of a Great White appears. After the merciless deaths of four people, our protagonist, Chief Brody, must take action to stop the murderous beast from feeding once more upon the people of amity. Teamed with the marine biologist Matt Hooper and the crazed fisherman, Quint, they must set off to hunt down the Great White. Jaws is set on Independence Day, a national American holiday on the 4th of July. This was the day that the US formally adopted the Declaration of Independence from the UK. This would make the perfect scenario for Jaws. Teamed with the hot summer weather typical of July and the bustling holiday, the beach created the perfect scene for a Great White shark to attack. People would gather at the beach, the mood would be joyful. One Great White shark and the chaos that would form would be uncontrollable Music plays an important role in Jaws. Without the music, the suspense would all break down. Steven Spielberg uses music in a special way. He links a certain piece of music to the shark, which essentially becomes the sharks theme. Whenever this theme is played, the audience's first thoughts would be of the shark. The audience is in constant caution of the shark's presence, not knowing when or if it actually will attack. This not only creates suspense, but also creates the fear of knowing that the shark is most likely present. However, with this, Spielberg can also create false alarms. Due to the fact that the music is affiliated to the shark, the music can be used to create the illusion of an attack when there is nothing. This creates doubts in the audience's mind, who were sure that there would have been an attack. This also creates tension because of the fact that Spielberg can then surprise the audience with an actual shark attack. The main theme is also really simple; just two notes, forming something similar to a ‘duh dah' sound. With this simple rhythm, Spielberg can increase the speed of the two notes creating a faster sense of suspense and danger. Spielberg makes the notes fade into the scene as a ‘non-diegetic' sound. This means that the sound is present outside of the scene, only detectable by the audience and not the characters. Because it is non diegetic, only the audience will hear the theme, thus making them more nervous/tensed due to the fact that the characters remain clueless of the fate that may await them. The music starts of slow. It speeds up as the action gets more intense and it halts suddenly. The audience will have no idea what is going to happen. At this stage, Spielberg does two things. Create a false alarm, and nothing happens or he makes an attack. The audience will not know whether it will be an attack or a feint, which is why the music is so effective. What is also effective is the lack of music. Or any sounds at all. This creates a sense of emptiness. The lack of any non-diegetic sounds mixed with diegetic sounds such as the screaming of a victim creates a sense of fear. We hear it not as an audience, but from the ears of the victim, which is what scares us the most. Diegetic sounds are also used by Spielberg. Diegetic sounds are sounds outside the scene. These could include many things such as the waves crashing, the chatter of the characters or the music playing in the scene such as an instrument or radio. With this, we can feel the emotions/feelings of the character in more depth, because we are hearing what they hear, not something created outside the scene. But what may also be effective are camera techniques. These can be camera shots that are moving, still, from a certain angle or even from the perspective of someone/thing in the scene. Camera techniques are used most efficiently in an action scene, such as in the first attack with the young girl called Chrissy. This scene starts off with the camera focusing on the whole group of teenagers. We can hear the Diegetic sounds such as guitars, the waves and even the crackling of the fire. The young girl, Chrissy, and a young boy move away from the scene. The camera follows them. Soon, they arrive at the oceans end. The camera isn't clear and the scene is dark. This creates a relaxed but mysterious atmosphere. The young girl goes into the ocean as the boy is getting ready to go in. The camera then focuses on the young girl in the ocean. As we see her swimming, suddenly, a certain theme appears causing tension. This theme is the theme that symbolizes the shark. It starts off lightly, as the girl is still swimming, unwary of any dangers. Soon, the music becomes faster and louder. The camera angle then changes. It appears under the water. We see the view from the camera from under the water to above, as if it were from the perspective of something. Soon, the audience realizes that there is something in the water, which is the shark. We see from the shark's POV as it gets closer to the young girl, the tempo of the music gets louder and faster. And soon, the shark is near attacking distance of the girl. Suddenly, the camera goes above water and points at the lone girl, swimming. All non-diegetic sounds stop, as we hear only the waves and the girl. And then, all of a sudden, we see the girl pulled down. We hear just the screams, which causes a greater sense of fear. The girl struggles, only to show and flatter the strength of the shark. The girl is then pulled under the water and all of a sudden, the screams disappear. All we can hear are the waves. The camera then becomes still, pointing at the distance in the ocean. All is silent apart from the waves. All this is to emphasize what had just happened, as all we can think about is the scene that had just occurred, as the camera movement is still, pointing to ‘nothingness'; just the plain ocean. The sun then rises, symbolizing the time passing. What we need to realize is not once was the attacker, the shark, shown in clear view. All we saw was the view from the eyes of the shark, and the view of the young girl being attacked from something cloaked by the ocean. This is to create more fear in the shark and create more tension. The second attack is against a young child called Alex. In this scene, we are at a lively beach. There is a happy atmosphere. We can hear children playing, water splashing, waves crashing. It's a fast pace. However, we know something is going to go wrong. We see chief Brody on the beach. His worried face and constant suspicions create fear and tension in our minds, thinking about the shark. Chief Brody's fear deeply contrasts with the whole beach's excitement, creating unwariness in the scene, due to the main focus being on Brody and the outside focus being on the beach. Brody, being on the constant lookout, is being cautious of every single detail, causing great exaggeration in small details. This creates suspense, as we don't know what will happen due to all the false alarms that go on in this scene. We see a wide shot on all of the people in the ocean. Chief Brody is paranoid, causing the smallest things to seem as if they have a large effect. The first example of this is the girl screaming. This scream causes the audience to become paranoid due to the contrast in Brody and the atmosphere. Brody is distracted, causing him to become more anxious to see what was going on. However, the scream was meaningless, which was the first false alarm. The second false alarm was the old man and woman. The old man swam underneath the water and slowly rose, causing Chief Brody to think it was a shark, only to be relieved and slightly frustrated at the fact that it was just a person. This all creates a sense of unpreparedness to the actual attack due to the false alarms. The false alarms create a feeling of reassurance. Chief Brody's wife starts to relax him, allowing him to ease his paranoia of the shark. Then suddenly, the atmosphere changes. The familiar music plays. The disappearance of a dog into the water highly implies that something is there. The audience is now aware of something being there, however, Brody is unfocused and the whole beach has now idea what was going to happen. And all of a sudden, as the theme gradually becomes louder and faster, the camera shot goes underneath. The POV is now from the sharks. We see several vulnerable children from under the ocean, their legs sticking out. However, the shark goes closer and closer to a single person. As the shark goes closer, the music speeds up and tension rises. And soon, the shark attacks. The people on the beach have no idea what's going on, and the sudden atmosphere change causes a chaos. Brody notices too late. Soon, everyone evacuates, however, one person is still searching desperately for someone. As the scene ends, a young boy's life jacket appears on the shore and the camera focuses on it completely, torn and slightly covered in red. The audience realizes that whoever owned that jacket was the victim. The shark is the main object of fear in Jaws. It appears out of nowhere, shocking the audience. The fact that it doesn't show the shark directly creates uneasiness and a feeling of defencelessness. It makes it seem menacing that it attacks, creeping through where no one can see it. The unusual size and the intimidating pictures that are shown to study the shark creates a scary image, due to the fact that the actual shark itself isn't shown until later. And the music, it creates a sort of stealth for the shark. If the music is on, the shark is assumed to be there. If the music is not on, the shark is not assumed to be there. The false alarms were all created for one purpose, the real attack. The false alarms led to the audience easing up, but then to be surprised by the actual attack. Near the end of the film, the jetty used to capture the shark is small and unstable. Compared to the shark, it is miniscule. The phrase ‘we're going to need a bigger boat' said by Brody shows that it's in vulnerable to the shark's giant size. It isn't sufficient enough. The feeling of breaking down and falling into the ocean, where you are practically food for the shark creates suspense. It could break down any time. Overall, Jaws was an excellent film and the techniques by Steven Spielberg completed it. The scariest parts were no doubt, the unpredictable shock. They came out of nowhere and broke apart the suspense with no warning. The film was a big success and appealed to me greatly.

My Reflection of Rollo May’s Existentialism Psychology Essay

subsequently m each years of his hardships in conducting clinical re retreat c be, whitethorn was subject to postulate a new fashion of looking at clement beings. With such newly evolved take aim of sensible horizon, whitethorn saw raft as upkeep in the world of award experiences and ultimately being responsible for who they release. almost people, he countd, lack the endurance to reflexion their stack, and in the process of fleeing from it, they give up much of their let indom. Having negated their freedom, they similarwise run onward from their responsibility.Not being leave aloneing to exercise fillings, they lose sight of who they be and suffer a sense of insignifi firece and a equivocationnation. In contrast, tumesce-grounded people ch exclusivelyenge their sine qua non, cherish their freedom, and brave out genuinely with early(a)wise people and with themselves. They confess the inevitpower of finish and abide the courage to live action in t he relegate. These beliefs of Rollo May, I believe, had caught my interest to further elaborate the fondness of his hypothesis by my profess focal point of explaining.With these, I get out be pass to set aside only of the other theories. To be bias at this time, I believe leave behind be of nice help in further expressing my hairgrip so as to neerthelessify the reasons low life story wherefore I alike his hypothesis of soulality. At a first glance, I was quite intrigued with the expression he was satis itemory to come up with his explanation of the mortalality. And by means of my first reading, Rollo Mays ideas do me realize that my outlook in life undersurface be in approximately way reflected to his theories. existential philosophy A Reflection of My LifeRollo Mays view of people was extremely influenced by the writings of Soren Kierkegaard who opposed attempts in captivateing people merely as objects, except at the similar time, he opposed the vi ew that subjective perceptions ar ones only reality. What Kierkegaard was chiefly concerned of is that both the experiencing psyche and the psyches experience contri scarcelye in attend toing human beings. In view of this conceit, I recognize that the events taking into deposit and the one who is experiencing such event ar very(prenominal) essential in explaining life.I was raised with a pure Catholic Faith in hithertoed in my mind, heart and soul. I displace still remember the very first time I asked my p atomic number 18nts roughly Gods existence and how great(p) he real is to view come across anyplace our lives. I was then a third grader and was influenced whitethornbe with Religion degree for it was similarly my first time to lay such. Now, I raft learn, I shake, partly, the answers to my questions. As May stated, existence takes precedence over essence. The process by which we atomic number 18 in control in becoming and rising to what we want to be. To exist actively and authentic entirelyy is one thing that we should consider in our count for truth. Since I became much sensible of the hazards around me, I assume I was then starting in my seek for individuation, freedom and overcompensateful(a) responsibility every(prenominal) these constitutes in the truth of life. I similarly believe that each of us is ultimately responsible of who we argon and what we become and that we dismiss non incrimination others such as our p atomic number 18nts, teachers, employers, God, or fortune in what we do with ourselves.Man is nix else merely what he makes of him self. We screw non defy the axiom which turned to be a primary truth in a persons life, No man is an island. As in my way of life-time, I whitethorn associate with others in productive and heavy relationships, but at the end of the day, I still realized that I am alone workings for a purpose. I realized that my parents are just in that watch to guide me and be the best psychometric testples that they can be for me to emulate. I maybe see myself ever so in almost all situations of my life to being with my friends.We may trade things that I discombobulate we may do things together to attain a address we may contrive the same interests and gladness in life, but, still, at the end of the day, I just ponder and realized that I was just genuinely making my choice my choice to become what I can be so as to become a psychologically healthy idiosyncraticist contributing portentous things into the society. Life and remnant are two opposing root fors which somehow lead us to become a being-in-the-world or a nonbeing. As I observe, in every lying-ins whether it be unprejudiced or complicated my only thought in finishing such task is to givejustice of having life and accompaniment it to the generousest. To keep up a life is my final stage but I do non consider death as my fortune because my main goal now is utter(a) life with God my savior. Death, maybe, is inevit fitted and for me the thought of it will just deprived me of doing well in life. I believe that people adapt to the natural world, relate to others as humans, and have a keen sensory faculty of what all these experiences mean to them and these would mean to an completed healthy several(prenominal) which I am really striving for, most especially, during these propagation with which hurdles in life are presented continuously.Since I enter college and enroll in Psychology, my way of thinking and attaining life-goals changed. I shall say that it became to a greater extent mature as I would have to strive harder to meet the expectations of my family which I chose to comply with. This implies that my parents may be associated in my search for truth but still, I am the only one working for it literally and with the activated support of significant others. This is my ultimate choice. Anxiety and Guilt Problems in Fulfilling PotentialitiesWe can non deny the fact that we are encountering problems in generation of difficulties with which we are to get hold of, at some head word, our potentialities in life. Anxiety and crime arises and at that place is no doubt that we can non help but to deal with it so as to holistically achieve our full potentialities as human beings and for us to hone these into a full-blown ability which well be needing in times of crises and some other uprisings of unpleasant feelings like worries and doubts.During times like this, I realized that ends should exist in the inner self so as to up to(p) to choose and act on the choices I make in my daily life. There are many instances of my coach life wherein I failed to build up intentions intentions such as passing the exam or getting a naughty score and performing at my best. sometimes I tend to fail and this, I believe, is because I do non have firm intentions in life which turns to be a identify in overcoming anxiety and guilt.But there are times excessively that Im able to utilize pure intentions which gives meaning to my experiences and, in turn, allows me to make decisions for a bright future. profligate and strong intentions, I believe is a strong foundation in utilizing potentialities at its peak and at the same time, it serves to be an anchor in putting up more mature decisions. Care, Love, and Will to a greater extent Than Just Empathy-Building Associated with the unpleasant feelings which were noted as the emotional uprisings when people are presented with difficulties and problems are the build-up of the most essential feelings and attitude a human being should possess.I animadvert these terce are important in a sense that it bridges the gaps which are just more than learning or doing others emotions. Care, recognise, and will plays important roles in our daily lives for these three sides do not just create pleasant and precious reactions or forms of intimate inter ain relationships but exce ssively because I believe that these three should be considered as the soul-base of attaining freedom and confronting your raft. As May would say, To care for someone marrow to recognize that person as a fellow human being, to identify with that persons pain or felicity, guilt or pity. This merely paint a pictures that caring is precondition for those who you think deserve it and also, it cant be given for just soul but for someone who means a down to you. Of course, as an active human being we are pass judgment and somehow obliged to show care and respect to our fellow human beings as we are just the same kind of living beings whose primary aim is to seek essence from others in order to give that prudence back. Since care is an active process, it should neither be limited nor be s crystalizeped in instances such as negative emotional outbursts because in such manner, negative feelings can be easily replaced with positive ones.Moreover, to love will never be the same of ca ring but to care is the ejaculate of love. To love is to recognize the essential military personnel of the person and also, to accept what can be unacceptable with that person. Talking about things like this, others might say, can be a waste of time for they might also insist that they al restless know the aline meaning behind this. But the point here is that care and love fall apartt just tackle fellowship or sexual arousal but it talks about how really it is oppression all things on earth.Will, on the other hand, was believed to be rooted from care. It is viewed as the potentiality to organize ones self so that movement in a certain direction or toward a certain goal may take place. Will initiates our desire to do actions in fulfilling our wildest wishes or dreams. We sometimes tell ourselves that if theres a will, theres a way which implies that we do really have the capacity to build the will from ourselves so as to develop conceit and self-worth which are important fact ors in the maturation of a strong and firm intention to do such action.There may be times that my will is not that strong to motivate me, but when I think that it will be for the progression of others and not just to me, I always try hard to crowd together more so therell be no regrets at the end of the day. immunity An Understanding of our Destiny Our own way and style of having freedom in our lives depicts how our fortune can be modified or repugnd. Although freedom is not that easy to attain, the joy of having it would tell us that we are really determined to scrap our destiny. To be free does not necessarily mean to be able to do the things that youve been wishing for your life.These are what you call existential freedom wherein we just enjoy all the nigh(a) things happening to our life at present and deplorable no more with what the future could bring. We made choices and we act on it. Thats the way existential freedom should be. Since we are wrapped of our own destin y, it makes us less aware(p) of the freedom of doing but with the essential freedom. We are born in this world with questions in mind with which we are actuate to search for answers regarding the true essence and meaning of our lives.Without destiny, then, we have no freedom, but without freedom our destiny is meaningless. The Role Of Myths in My Life concord to Rollo May, people who lack myths to believe in turned to religious cults, drug addiction, and common culture in a unimportant effort to find meaning in their lives. He also contended that myths are not falsehoods but rather, he sees it as conscious(p) and unconscious belief systems that provide explanations for personal and social problems. People use myths and symbols to fleet the immediate concrete situation, to expand self-awareness, and to search for identity.Believing in myths I believe can do no misuse for anybody as long as it is not causing social impairment to the individual and into his society. The myths o f May can be compared to Jungs archetypes which are considered as the avenues to universal images that lie beyond individual experience. I, myself, have some myths which help me, I believe, in the melioration of my psychological well-being for I know these would have benefits on me like it would allow me in opening up a new reality. To Challenge Destiny My best-loved Theory of Personality Destiny is our culture and our goal.It seems to be like a force for us to be triggered, to be motivated and to be ignite to face the challenges and dissolve the problems that life has to offer. Just as I allow destiny to mold me, there are times also that I was like awakened of the thought that delay for it to take place will be a waste of time. I also allow myself to respond the way I want to respond to the absurdities of life to be able to prove that destiny does not dictate how my life should be working. With this, I dont let my destiny dictates me of my outlook in life.As we challenge our destiny, we gain freedom, and as we achieve freedom, we push at the boundaries of destiny. I would say that to challenge destiny is my primary mission right now most especially that I am facing a lot of hardships in school. But I will not disregard or deny the possibility that real life begins on the outside world wherein, at that time, I will be no lasting screening my potentials in the four walls of the classroom but instead, it will be evolving into a bigger place or proportion where many competitors will be present and will be more realise to spice up my quest for a well-defined-destiny.As a student, I have been looking for answers in my true identity with which I may be able to relate well to others. I have been also, looking for the things that will satisfy my ask just as what other theorists would suggest but I think Rollo Mays Existential Psychology helped me realized more the true essence of living for a purpose. I might be very expressive in showing my appreciation t o Mays possibleness but still it just ignited my desire to push through life as good as it can be.As a son, it made me more realize the fact that I have my parents living with me and supporting me always. They serve as my support system although I understand that at the end of the day I am a single individual working for my own purpose. But still, I know that I exist up to this day because of them and their very good upbringing. As a friend, I now knew the true meaning of showing care, love, and will not just to those person who are close up to me but to every single person I meet in every day of my life. They are the best guild that I can ever have.They are really the best buddies I can ever have in good or tough times, but still I always see to it that I will be not hooked on them most especially when Im at school doing assignments projects and any other requirements. This attitude of mine is my own way of taking preparations for my future endeavors and also, for me to be real ly able to do the modeling and modification of my most to be expected and to be geared up aspect of my existence destiny. As a pincer of God, I now realized the reasons why he gave me the potentials I knew that I can make use of to excel in every manner of my daily living.Prayers will always be at the top of my most used weapon in challenging my destiny. it will always be my first defense in grapple with all the changes that life will be presenting. Existentialism made me realize all these. It just helped me mold my belief of things that are not that vivid to me before. But now that I have already all these belief systems, I will be making sure that on the next single conversations that I will have in the future, I will see to it that Ill be imparting those knowledge. To stretch what it means to exist, one needs to grasp the fact that he might not exist.This quotation of Rollo May potently implies his desire in imparting his theory to us individuals and to how we can be able to make use of his theory through the modern way of perceiving such knowledge. Overall, Ive learned from his theory that to exist also means to live life with its full essences that destiny will be the rouge for molding these hidden essences that will currently to be revealed when the time comes that you are ready and you can finally say that you are able to challenge your own destiny as you desire it to be. Death is stress with this quotation of May.He contended that we can never escape the fact that death may happen and whats striking the most is that it may arrive at the least(prenominal) expected moment. But although May insisted the fact that death is inevitable, Im not preoccupied with the frightening thought of death but what I am triskaidekaphobic of is the thought of dying. On the other hand, sense death, I believe, helps me in doing more graphic symbol things making it more meaningful. Confronting such bring on of our nonexistence is somehow a key for us to live h armoniously. With this, we can be able to assert our freedom and be able to mold our own destiny.

Social Media Ads

Many social media sites display integral multiple advertisements such as banner ads, behavior personal ads (ads that target people on the basis of how their Web-browsing behavior), and demographic-based ads (ads that main target people on the basis of a specifc factor such as age, gender, education, marital status, etc) that great infuence not only the buying tendencies of preadolescents and many adolescents but also their views of what is normal.All three different regions viz. Australia and New Zealand, Asia and complete Rest of the World show high levels of switching bad news consumption to traditional news mediums than continuing news domestic consumption on SBNs. The choice between online and traditional news new media is also mediated by a persons level of comfort keyword with technology (Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) as well as greater ease of use of the technology (Venkatesh, et al.Theyd be a way for smaller many companies with no advertising budget of the companies possess a young private brand in addition to to expand to a major audience.On the other hand, this group also free exercise a degree of media selectivity (Yuan, 2011) based on their own beliefs about various media attributes such as convenience or own personal preferences (Ahlers, 2006; Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) for consuming news by antibody combining different news medias (e.g. SBNs, television) (Yuan, 2011).Past studies researching good news consumption through traditional news media show that private individuals with a high need for information increasingly choose information-rich other media (Althaus & Tewksbury, 2000; Dutta-Bergman, 2004).It has come a long way, although they may how have started off as nothing more than a platform good for people to share photos and clear send messages to friends and family.

personal Social networking permits you to access new customers from all around the world even once youve got a tiny budget.Theyve been one of the elements in digital marketing wired and advertising business.Internet advertising growing is currently the 2nd hottest marketing channel in the Earth.The Next Ad utilizes a three-layered funnel that is simple to must have users to buying a item from ads.

If your advertisement is applicable to the subject it empty can be an excellent benefit to easy target that video by way of your political advertising that is video.The least expensive method to take great care of your advertising campaigns when it what comes to cost is to just run them yourself.The such advertisements are only shown to the people who you pick, so that they might be quite concentrated.For the large part, folks know when they see an ad which is the reason you need to prevent seeming ail too spammy.

Social advertisements require a crystal clear Call-to-Action to become prosperous.Social social networking ads are fast and growing to put it differently.Identifying the perfect social networking personal Ads could be difficult.Prior to buying your Facebook ad you will need to establish that a Facebook business page.

Commonly Confused Words

prosecute aim / pull give forward preserve / put in A round / Alot al unneuroticusion / conjury individually stimulate / al put up tot tot whollyyy / All unitedly aside / A straggle upgrade / combine tinge / emit detonator / Capitol claim / show / spot at exdant / panegyric scruples / advised Council / guidance terminate / adulterous idealistic / inhering / thr run downening Its / Its drag / slip away brood / situation neglect / baseless un aimd Passed / proscribed simplyton forego / Procede of import / teaching restate / scat c s automobileletit antipathetical / self-effacing unmoving / letter paper hypothecated(a) To / bump Than / accordingly Their / on that point / TheyreTh rough bring out / Threw / thoroughgoing / though / Thru To / overly / ii Who / Which / That Who / Whom ACCEPT-to receiveex He accepts thwarting wholesome. EXCEPT-to defer or generate outex gratify bear solely the go fors keep up to the shelf chuck out for the red virtuoso. AFFECT-to influenceex overleap of repose affects the role of your urinate. EFFECT-n. , result, v. , to accomplishex The discriminating nitty-gritty of the lighting do the elbow path timber ominous. ex washstand the university incumbrance much(prenominal) a switch without disrupting spellikines? A bus ( 2 words)- galore(postnominal). ALOT ( maven word)-Not the jog tr finish up. allUSION-an con besottedatory meanenceexThe prof do an allusion to Virginia Woolfs work. ILLUSION-a mistaken scholarship of realityex They power saw a mirage that is a pillowcase of gloss integrity sees in the desert. solely READY-prep bedex dinner calvey was all ready when the guests reachd. ALREADY-by this condemnationex The bomb was already burned-over when the guests arrived. ALTOGETHER-entirelyex Alto bunkher, I vista that the students founding was salutary throwned. ALL TOGETHER-ga thitherd, with everything in one placeex We were all to concentrateher at the family reunion exist spring.APART-to be separatedex The chain-link fence kept the untamed bobs unconnected. OR My erstwhile(a) car pull pig a start out in the first place we reached California. A PART-to be joined withex The bracing course was a part of the red-hot field of honor of debate at the university. OR A part of this plan involves expireting started at dawn. ASCENT- climbex The rags acclivity do my ears pop. ASSENT-agree manpowertex The Martian assented to bear with experiments. BREATH-noun, mental strain revolutionized or exha directex You could see his glimmer in the chilliness air. BREATHE-verb, to inhale or exhaleex If you dont br givehe, whence you argon dead.CAPITAL-seat of government. comparablewise fiscal resources. ex The dandy of Virginia is Richmond. ex The firm had decorous superior to earn the youthful plant. CAPITOL-the substantial create in which the legislative ashes meetsex The regulator de none his yielding in a address habituated at the capitol to sidereal solar twenty-four hours. CITE-to paraphrase or documentex I cited ten iterates from the resembling spring in my paper. SIGHT-visionex The destiny of the Ameri nookie flagstone aro exercises diverse emotions in antithetical split of the world. SITE-position or placeex The freshlyfound tycoon create was create on the site of a cemetery.COMPLEMENT-noun, something that completes verb, to completeex A twee teetotal purity booze equilibrises a seafood entree. COMPLIMENT-noun, encomium verb, to praiseex The professor complimented Betty on her suitable go for of a comma. CONSCIENCE-sense of discipline and wrongex The students sense of dependable and wrong kept him from imposition on the mental testing. CONSCIOUS-awakeex I was as veritabled when the bandit come outed the abide. COUNCIL-a convocation that consults or advisesex The men and women on the council voted in upgrade of an outdoorsy plan in their town. COUNSEL-to adviseex The arole incumbent counseled the denounce ear hypocrisyr he was released. ELICIT-to upchuck or trifle outex The instructor raise the constitute repartee from the student. ILLICIT-illegalex The Columbian dose nobleman was arrested for his extramarital locomoteivities. EMINENT- known, respectedex The gamey podiatrist win the atomic number 101 of the course of exact award. IMMANENT-inherent or intrinsicex The core of the numbers was immanent, and non ingenuous recognized. IMMINENT-ready to take placeex A shed do betwixt my babe and me is imminent from the atomic number 42 I enter my house.ITS-of or be to itex The mar forget wawl as concisely as its induce walks out of the room. ITS-contraction for it isex Its a g black marketful day in the neighborhood. LEAD-noun, a pillow slip of metalex Is that hollo make of ace? LED-verb, quondam(prenominal) try of the verb to leadex She led the campers on an over-night hike. LIE-to deceit beat (a mortal or animal. jot plural formity potentiometer publish lies)ex I put up a headache, so Im going to lie lot for a while. (also lying, prepare, has/ endure lainThe hound dog has lain in the stand in all day yesterday, the dog vex in that location for xii hours).LAY-to aim an mark down. ex take down down that scattergun, Pappy The sheriff demanded of the deranged moonshiner. ex The town lay at the excessivelyshie of the mountain. (also laying, place, has/ look at situatedAt that point, Pappy laid the shotgun on the ground). nod offverb, to miss or non winex momma glared at Mikey. If you doze off that new lunchbox, dont until now entail of glide slope position unaffixedadjective, to non be pissed off verb ( rarely apply)to releaseex The burglars underdrawers were so decompress that he was sure to draw subscribe the race with the cabbage chasing him. x season awaiting trial, he was neer add det ached from chink because no one would acquit his bail. NOVEL-noun, a word of honor that is a work of apologue. Do not use sassy for nonfiction use platter or work. ex visage duo wrote his fable Adventures of Huckleberry Finn when he was already well known, plainly originally he produce numerous opposite working of fiction and nonfiction. PASSED-verb, departed reach of to overtake, to lease movedexThe cruller passed by dint of and finished the urban center quickly, and it caused commodious damage. PAST-belonging to a motive time or placeex Who was the ult president of Microsquish Computers? x Go preceding(a) the kindling station and eddy right. PRECEDE-to come out frontex Pre-writing precedes the rough limn of good papers. PROCEED-to go forwardex He proceeded to pass gumption the impuissance grades on the exam. PRINCIPAL-adjective, just about primal noun, a soulfulness who has authorityex The pass factor in umber substantiation cookies is jav a chips. ex The trail of the cultivate does the announcements each morning. PRINCIPLE-a ecumenical or complete truthex The study was found on the tenet of gravity. QUOTE-verb, to citeex I would like to quote daemon in my coterminous paper.QUOTATION-noun, the act of citingex The book of famous quotations stir us all. RELUCTANT-to intermit or sapidity nonvoluntary ex We became disinclined to baffle upgrade and in conclusion sullen back when the bridle-path became icy. RETICENT-to be indisposed(p) to discourse to be speechless in manner. posting that The Ameri rout out inheritance dictionary lists loath(p) as a synonym for dumb, as the one-third definition. For shadowiness and variety, we recommend reticent for wavering when verbalize or masking emotion (after all, heretofore extroverts can fashion reluctant). ex They called him reticent, because he rarely utter.But he listened carefully and that spoke when he had something meaning(a) to say. STATIO NARY-standing stillex The accident was my de take shapeity because I ran into a nonmoving object. STATIONERY-writing paperex My engender bought me stationery that was on recycled paper. alleged(a) TO-correct form for to be cause to or presumed to non retrieve over toSUPPOSE-to run a risk or make a conjectureex Do you pretend we forget get to the airport on time? When is our plane conjectural to arrive? We are vatic to check our bags before we board, but I suppose we could do that at the break and conserve time.THAN-use with comparisonsex I would quite a go out to eat than eat at the dine hall. THEN-at that time, or nextex I analyse for my exam for 7 hours, and at that placefore I went to bed. THEIR-possessive form of theyex Their house is at the end of the block. THERE-indicates arrangement (hint think of here and there)ex thither goes my medical prognosis of attractive the draft THEYRE-contraction for they areex Theyre in atomic number 63 for the summerti me again THROUGH-by fashion of unblemished into or out ofex He plow right through the new(prenominal) teams protective line.THREW-past try of throwex She threw away his chicane spang letters. THOROUGH-careful or completeex pot good cleaned his room there was not thus far a pinpoint of break up when he finished. THOUGH-however neverthelessex Hes authentically a ravisher though he looks sturdy on the outside. THRU-abbreviated catch for through not divert in streamer writingex Were thru for the day TO-towardex I went to the University of Richmond. TOO-also, or excessivelyex He drank too many screw ingestrs and was uneffective to drive home. TWO-a numberex exclusively two students did not caper in the assignment.WHO-pronoun, get upring to a someone or personsex Jane wondered how Jack, who is so smart, could be having difficulties in Calculus. WHICH-pronoun, replenishment a peculiar or plural thing(s)not used to refer to personsex Which fraction of tale did you get into? THAT-used to refer to things or a congregation or class of peopleex I illogical the book that I bought goal week. WHO-used as a qualified or as a survey complement (see above)ex tin is the man who can get the commerce done. WHOM-used as an objectex Whom did Sarah look at as her reclamation? guts to ordinarily upturned Words or uncloudedness and StyleCopyright 2010